I've fixed many a 'broken' golf-cart with this approach.
Starters can become locked up over time... constant dust, low to no oil, and heat will cause the brushes to become deposited with all sorts of ugly crap that can prevent the charge from getting to the shaft. Whack it lightly all over it... give the starter a couple spins by hand... try pushing the button.
OH, and the starter is self-grounded. So it should be bolted to the motor or have a lead running from it to the negative on the battery when doing testing.
Here's a little setup test I did to test my solenoid and starter:

Bolt the solenoid directly to the ground... clip a wire from the solenoid lead to the positive... attach one end of the solenoid to the starter post... attach another lead from the negative to the starter body... connect positive from battery to empty post on solenoid...
If it doesn't spin... attach positive cable directly to the post with the wire going to the starter.
If that DOESN'T work... you need a new starter.
If that DOES work... you need a new solenoid.





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