Mirepoix is the
French name for a combination of
onions,
carrots and
celery (either common Pascal celery or
celeriac). Mirepoix, either raw, roasted or
sautéed with
butter, is the flavor base for a wide number of dishes, such as
soups,
stews and
sauces.
These three ingredients are commonly referred to as
aromatics. Similar such combinations, both in and out of the
French culinary repertoire, may include
leeks,
parsnips,
garlic,
tomatoes,
shallots,
mushrooms,
bell peppers,
chiles, and
ginger. For the combination
mirepoix au gras, or a
Matignon,
ham and/or
pork belly are used as additional ingredients.
They may be used in various combinations, as dictated by the
cuisine and the dish itself.
Traditionally, the ratio for mirepoix is 2:1:1 of onions, celery, and carrots. The ratio for bones to mirepoix for
stock is 10:1. When making a white stock, or
fond blanc,
parsnips are used instead of carrots to maintain the pale color.
Mirepoix derives its name, as many other elements of French cuisine do,
[1] from the patron of the chef who established it, in this case one of the house of Lévis, seigneurs of Mirepoix since the eleventh century, a famous name in
Languedoc.
[2]The particular member of the house of Lévis whose chef is credited by the
Dictionnaire de l'Académie française with giving a name to an old technique is
Charles-Pierre-Gaston François de Lévis, duc de Lévis-Mirepoix (1699-1757),
maréchal de France and ambassador of
Louis XV.
[3]
The
holy trinity of cuisine, the three ingredients key to a particular
cuisine, vary from culture to culture. The term is most commonly used in reference to
Louisiana Creole and
Cajun cuisine, where the trinity is chopped
celery,
bell peppers, and
onions. A
soffritto is the classic basis of Italian cuisines, varying somewhat by region, and
Sofrito serves a similar purpose in Spanish cuisines.