I'll have to take a look at the diagram a bit closer after I get home from work, but felt it necessary to comment on another statement.The FH012 should be a series type (although there's some debate about it) so the stator shouldn't turn crispy... again
Rich82GS750TZ and Who Dat? maybe you can weigh in now the diagram is clear?
The r/r does not lower voltage. It accepts whatever is coming in from the stator, rectifies it to a pulsed DC current, then limits (regulates) it to whatever its setpoint is, usually around 14 volts. As the engine slows down from riding speed, the input voltage is not going to be enough to need regulating, so the voltage does drop, but not because the r/r lowers it.
- Now we ride the bike: the increased rpm of the engine spins the flywheel around the stator faster, thus making enough power to supply the needs of the bike's loads.
- Because the output of the stator is now greater than that of the battery, the potential difference (difference in voltage) between them makes the battery a load. It is now being charged.
- When fully charged, the draw of current will be lower as the battery doesn't "ask" for more and the r/r will lower the voltage to whatever is needed.
As you are (hopefully) aware, a shunt-style r/r does its regulating by shunting any excess back through the stator (essentially to ground), meaning that the stator is ALWAYS producing as much as it can. Some of it will get used by lights, ignition, accessories, etc., but the rest is simply wasted. A series-type r/r does its regulation by interrupting the circuit. It does it very quickly, without an oscilloscope it might apear to be steady, but it will actually be a series of pulses, which will average out to whatever the voltage is supposed to be. This means that overall, there is less current going through the stator, allowing it to run cooler.
And, I am not so sure that the FH012 is a series r/r, I belive it is still a shunt-style. Might be a newer MOSFET style, but that is just the type of transistor used in the shunting circuits.